Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by country
Countries reporting
184
Highest
59.56
Qatar
Lowest
4.6
Brunei
Median
17.72
Years covered
14
2010–2023
Data points
2,870
What the numbers show
Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is currently reported for 184 countries. The highest value is 59.56 in Qatar; the lowest is 4.6 in Brunei.
The median across all reporting countries is 17.72, and the mean is 21.84.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 13.
Over the past decade 52 countries rose and 132 fell. The largest increase was in Nigeria (up 22.7%), and the largest decrease in North Korea (down 50.0%).
Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5): full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Qatar | 59.56 | 2023 | up 2.1% | flat |
| 2 | Chad | 59.43 | 2023 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 3 | Niger | 58.26 | 2023 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 4 | Cameroon | 56.97 | 2023 | up 17.1% | rising |
| 5 | Afghanistan | 55.56 | 2023 | down 33.5% | falling |
| 6 | Egypt | 55 | 2023 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 7 | Nigeria | 53.53 | 2023 | up 22.7% | rising |
| 8 | Mauritania | 49.67 | 2023 | up 1.4% | rising |
| 9 | Kuwait | 49.08 | 2023 | down 6.6% | flat |
| 10 | Senegal | 47.49 | 2023 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 11 | Ghana | 47.43 | 2023 | up 16.6% | rising |
| 12 | Mongolia | 46.85 | 2023 | down 34.3% | falling |
| 13 | India | 46.27 | 2023 | down 26.9% | falling |
| 14 | Bahrain | 46.21 | 2023 | down 3.1% | falling |
| 15 | Saudi Arabia | 46.19 | 2023 | down 5.4% | flat |
| 16 | Bangladesh | 45.94 | 2023 | down 22.6% | falling |
| 17 | Nepal | 45.81 | 2023 | down 26.2% | falling |
| 18 | Pakistan | 44.36 | 2023 | down 30.3% | falling |
| 19 | Burkina Faso | 43.37 | 2023 | up 17.9% | rising |
| 20 | Gambia | 43.25 | 2023 | up 10.1% | rising |
| 21 | Iraq | 42 | 2023 | up 5.3% | flat |
| 22 | Mali | 41.48 | 2023 | up 15.3% | rising |
| 23 | Guinea-Bissau | 40.52 | 2023 | up 13.3% | rising |
| 24 | Sierra Leone | 39.78 | 2023 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 25 | Guinea | 38.46 | 2023 | up 10.3% | rising |
| 26 | Uganda | 38.1 | 2023 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 27 | Cote d'Ivoire | 36.74 | 2023 | up 13.8% | rising |
| 28 | Tajikistan | 35.89 | 2023 | down 35.8% | falling |
| 29 | Yemen | 35.78 | 2023 | down 6.7% | flat |
| 30 | Armenia | 34.88 | 2023 | down 35.7% | falling |
| 31 | United Arab Emirates | 34.71 | 2023 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 32 | Togo | 34.67 | 2023 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 33 | Dominican Republic | 34.43 | 2023 | down 22.6% | falling |
| 34 | Iran | 34.4 | 2023 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 35 | Liberia | 34.12 | 2023 | up 17.6% | rising |
| 36 | Rwanda | 33.07 | 2023 | down 0.6% | flat |
| 37 | Oman | 32.69 | 2023 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 38 | Central African Republic | 32.6 | 2023 | up 0.2% | rising |
| 39 | China | 32.44 | 2023 | down 49.5% | falling |
| 40 | Sudan | 31.58 | 2023 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 41 | Cape Verde | 31.54 | 2023 | up 3.1% | rising |
| 42 | Bhutan | 31.42 | 2023 | down 26.8% | falling |
| 43 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 30.27 | 2023 | up 3.8% | rising |
| 44 | Myanmar | 29.47 | 2023 | down 2.4% | falling |
| 45 | Syria | 29.31 | 2023 | up 5.7% | flat |
| 46 | Congo | 28.75 | 2023 | up 17.8% | rising |
| 47 | Djibouti | 28.72 | 2023 | down 3.8% | falling |
| 48 | Laos | 28.41 | 2023 | down 4.1% | falling |
| 49 | Sao Tome and Principe | 28.39 | 2023 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 50 | Lebanon | 28.13 | 2023 | up 3.1% | flat |
| 51 | Equatorial Guinea | 28.09 | 2023 | up 21.4% | rising |
| 52 | Haiti | 28.04 | 2023 | down 23.0% | falling |
| 53 | Benin | 27.82 | 2023 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 54 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 27 | 2023 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 55 | Eritrea | 26.59 | 2023 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 56 | Guatemala | 26.16 | 2023 | down 12.2% | falling |
| 57 | Burundi | 26.12 | 2023 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 58 | Uzbekistan | 26.04 | 2023 | down 35.8% | falling |
| 59 | North Korea | 25.84 | 2023 | down 50.0% | falling |
| 60 | El Salvador | 25.75 | 2023 | down 14.2% | falling |
| 61 | South Africa | 25.59 | 2023 | up 15.5% | rising |
| 62 | Thailand | 25.51 | 2023 | down 14.9% | falling |
| 63 | Azerbaijan | 25.38 | 2023 | down 35.4% | falling |
| 64 | North Macedonia | 25.09 | 2023 | down 31.1% | falling |
| 65 | Vietnam | 24.94 | 2023 | down 13.3% | falling |
| 66 | Jordan | 24.81 | 2023 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 67 | Libya | 24.57 | 2023 | down 6.1% | flat |
| 68 | Honduras | 24.19 | 2023 | down 13.8% | falling |
| 69 | Ethiopia | 24.03 | 2023 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 70 | Gabon | 23.8 | 2023 | up 15.1% | rising |
| 71 | Kyrgyzstan | 23.64 | 2023 | down 35.0% | falling |
| 72 | South Sudan | 23.49 | 2023 | down 3.7% | falling |
| 73 | Tunisia | 23.31 | 2023 | up 8.5% | rising |
| 74 | Brazil | 23.03 | 2023 | down 24.8% | falling |
| 75 | Cambodia | 22.94 | 2023 | down 16.7% | falling |
| 76 | Angola | 22.9 | 2023 | up 10.4% | rising |
| 77 | Sri Lanka | 22.69 | 2023 | down 15.8% | falling |
| 78 | Lesotho | 21.98 | 2023 | up 11.8% | rising |
| 79 | Chile | 21.83 | 2023 | down 18.3% | falling |
| 80 | Turkey | 21.72 | 2023 | up 4.7% | flat |
| 81 | Palestine | 20.64 | 2023 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 82 | Peru | 19.93 | 2023 | down 23.9% | falling |
| 83 | Algeria | 19.7 | 2023 | up 12.7% | rising |
| 84 | Malaysia | 19.63 | 2023 | down 25.1% | falling |
| 85 | Indonesia | 19.55 | 2023 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 86 | South Korea | 19.26 | 2023 | down 32.0% | falling |
| 87 | Nicaragua | 19.14 | 2023 | down 18.6% | falling |
| 88 | Georgia | 19.07 | 2023 | down 36.1% | falling |
| 89 | Serbia | 18.65 | 2023 | down 30.0% | falling |
| 90 | Philippines | 18.61 | 2023 | down 19.9% | falling |
| 91 | Kazakhstan | 17.89 | 2023 | down 34.5% | falling |
| 92 | Mexico | 17.78 | 2023 | down 20.4% | falling |
| 93 | Bolivia | 17.66 | 2023 | down 22.0% | falling |
| 94 | Somalia | 17.63 | 2023 | up 3.1% | flat |
| 95 | Venezuela | 17.59 | 2023 | down 22.1% | falling |
| 96 | Zambia | 17.51 | 2023 | up 5.1% | flat |
| 97 | Kenya | 17.46 | 2023 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 98 | Madagascar | 17.41 | 2023 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 99 | Turkmenistan | 17.2 | 2023 | down 36.1% | falling |
| 100 | Israel | 17.1 | 2023 | down 21.5% | falling |
| 101 | Malawi | 16.64 | 2023 | up 6.1% | flat |
| 102 | Tanzania | 16.51 | 2023 | up 0.6% | flat |
| 103 | Paraguay | 16.44 | 2023 | down 12.0% | falling |
| 104 | Zimbabwe | 16.26 | 2023 | up 7.1% | flat |
| 105 | Poland | 15.94 | 2023 | down 34.8% | falling |
| 106 | Botswana | 15.86 | 2023 | up 11.5% | flat |
| 107 | Costa Rica | 15.85 | 2023 | down 23.7% | falling |
| 108 | Greece | 15.42 | 2023 | down 21.8% | falling |
| 109 | Namibia | 15.41 | 2023 | up 6.9% | rising |
| 110 | Montenegro | 15.24 | 2023 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 111 | Colombia | 15.22 | 2023 | down 19.5% | falling |
| 112 | Italy | 14.88 | 2023 | down 21.8% | falling |
| 113 | Morocco | 14.84 | 2023 | up 11.8% | rising |
| 114 | Bulgaria | 14.79 | 2023 | down 32.8% | falling |
| 115 | Cyprus | 14.74 | 2023 | down 20.6% | falling |
| 116 | Curacao | 14.22 | 2023 | down 22.2% | falling |
| 117 | Croatia | 14.22 | 2023 | down 30.3% | falling |
| 118 | Aruba | 14.04 | 2023 | down 20.6% | falling |
| 119 | Albania | 13.83 | 2023 | down 26.4% | falling |
| 120 | Slovenia | 13.63 | 2023 | down 30.0% | falling |
| 121 | Mozambique | 13.32 | 2023 | up 3.1% | flat |
| 122 | Slovakia | 13.26 | 2023 | down 35.2% | falling |
| 123 | Cuba | 13.09 | 2023 | down 24.2% | falling |
| 124 | East Timor | 12.86 | 2023 | down 6.0% | falling |
| 125 | Jamaica | 12.66 | 2023 | down 24.1% | falling |
| 126 | Hungary | 12.54 | 2023 | down 33.5% | falling |
| 127 | Argentina | 12.51 | 2023 | down 18.3% | falling |
| 128 | Mayotte | 12.46 | 2023 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 129 | Latvia | 12.44 | 2023 | down 34.9% | falling |
| 130 | Comoros | 12.18 | 2023 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 131 | Panama | 12.12 | 2023 | down 19.4% | falling |
| 132 | Singapore | 11.84 | 2023 | down 40.3% | falling |
| 133 | Romania | 11.81 | 2023 | down 35.8% | falling |
| 134 | Uruguay | 11.62 | 2023 | down 20.7% | falling |
| 135 | Belize | 11.55 | 2023 | down 21.6% | falling |
| 136 | Czechia | 11.52 | 2023 | down 36.1% | falling |
| 137 | Malta | 11.36 | 2023 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 138 | Guyana | 10.76 | 2023 | down 16.2% | falling |
| 139 | Martinique | 10.44 | 2023 | down 21.7% | falling |
| 140 | Austria | 10.43 | 2023 | down 30.2% | falling |
| 141 | Belgium | 10.17 | 2023 | down 33.7% | falling |
| 142 | Puerto Rico | 10.14 | 2023 | down 24.1% | falling |
| 143 | Ukraine | 10.11 | 2023 | down 32.5% | falling |
| 144 | United States | 10.08 | 2023 | up 10.6% | falling |
| 145 | France | 9.88 | 2023 | down 32.6% | falling |
| 146 | Barbados | 9.85 | 2023 | down 21.2% | falling |
| 147 | Moldova | 9.76 | 2023 | down 34.9% | falling |
| 148 | Trinidad and Tobago | 9.72 | 2023 | down 21.2% | falling |
| 149 | Belarus | 9.66 | 2023 | down 33.8% | falling |
| 150 | Maldives | 9.63 | 2023 | down 9.3% | falling |
| 151 | Germany | 9.43 | 2023 | down 31.1% | falling |
| 152 | French Guiana | 9.26 | 2023 | down 19.2% | falling |
| 153 | Netherlands | 9.25 | 2023 | down 29.4% | falling |
| 154 | Canada | 9.24 | 2023 | up 21.9% | flat |
| 155 | Ecuador | 8.97 | 2023 | down 26.6% | falling |
| 156 | Lithuania | 8.9 | 2023 | down 35.4% | falling |
| 157 | Switzerland | 8.84 | 2023 | down 28.2% | falling |
| 158 | Monaco | 8.72 | 2023 | down 24.6% | falling |
| 159 | Japan | 8.66 | 2023 | down 38.8% | falling |
| 160 | Bahamas | 8.54 | 2023 | down 25.6% | falling |
| 161 | Spain | 8.54 | 2023 | down 24.0% | falling |
| 162 | Gibraltar | 8.44 | 2023 | down 20.5% | falling |
| 163 | United Kingdom | 8.3 | 2023 | down 32.5% | falling |
| 164 | Denmark | 8.24 | 2023 | down 26.0% | falling |
| 165 | Mauritius | 8.16 | 2023 | down 6.2% | flat |
| 166 | Russia | 8.09 | 2023 | down 30.2% | falling |
| 167 | Portugal | 7.12 | 2023 | down 30.5% | falling |
| 168 | Luxembourg | 6.95 | 2023 | down 31.0% | falling |
| 169 | Papua New Guinea | 6.93 | 2023 | down 9.1% | flat |
| 170 | Iceland | 6.83 | 2023 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 171 | Vanuatu | 6.82 | 2023 | up 3.2% | flat |
| 172 | Ireland | 6.63 | 2023 | down 31.0% | falling |
| 173 | Fiji | 6.43 | 2023 | down 9.4% | falling |
| 174 | Solomon Islands | 6.34 | 2023 | down 3.8% | falling |
| 175 | Australia | 6.33 | 2023 | down 12.3% | falling |
| 176 | New Caledonia | 6.16 | 2023 | down 11.8% | falling |
| 177 | French Polynesia | 6.13 | 2023 | down 10.1% | flat |
| 178 | Reunion | 6.02 | 2023 | down 3.3% | flat |
| 179 | Norway | 5.74 | 2023 | down 30.7% | falling |
| 180 | New Zealand | 5.69 | 2023 | down 7.5% | falling |
| 181 | Estonia | 5.61 | 2023 | down 33.2% | falling |
| 182 | Finland | 4.98 | 2023 | down 29.9% | falling |
| 183 | Sweden | 4.9 | 2023 | down 29.4% | falling |
| 184 | Brunei | 4.6 | 2023 | down 42.5% | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- South-East Asia (WHO region) 43.74
- SEAR 43.74
- Sur 9.99
- Mus 8.16
- Lower-middle income (World Bank) 41.47
- Eastern Mediterranean (WHO region) 40.5
- EMR 40.5
- Africa (WHO region) 33.61
- AFR 33.61
- WB_MI 32.21
- WB_LIMI 32.14
- Low income (World Bank) 31.09
- World 27.96
- Western Pacific (WHO region) 26.7
- WPR 26.7
- Upper-middle income (World Bank) 26.61
- Americas (WHO region) 14.3
- AMR 14.3
- Europe (WHO region) 10.53
- EUR 10.53
- High income (World Bank) 9.83