Proportion of the population with positive out-of-pocket household expenditure on health exceeding 40% of household discretionary budget, by location, quintile, type of household and characteristics of the head of household (%) by country
Countries reporting
74
Highest
47.4%
Nigeria
Lowest
5.6%
Andorra
Median
15.8%
Years covered
25
2000–2024
Data points
1,175
What the numbers show
Proportion of the population with positive out-of-pocket household expenditure on health exceeding 40% of household discretionary budget, by location, quintile, type of household and characteristics of the head of household (%) is currently reported for 74 countries. The highest value is 47.4% in Nigeria; the lowest is 5.6% in Andorra.
The median across all reporting countries is 15.8%, and the mean is 19.9%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 8.
Over the past decade 32 countries rose and 41 fell. The largest increase was in El Salvador (up 146.1%), and the largest decrease in Republic of Moldova (down 44.3%).
Proportion of the population with positive out-of-pocket household: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nigeria | 47.4% | 2022 | up 8.7% | rising |
| 2 | Malawi | 43.0% | 2019 | up 12.2% | falling |
| 3 | Bangladesh | 41.7% | 2022 | up 40.4% | rising |
| 4 | Mali | 40.1% | 2022 | down 19.2% | rising |
| 5 | Niger | 38.6% | 2021 | down 29.1% | falling |
| 6 | United Republic of Tanzania | 37.5% | 2020 | up 78.0% | falling |
| 7 | Egypt | 36.9% | 2019 | up 36.2% | rising |
| 8 | Uganda | 36.1% | 2019 | down 19.8% | falling |
| 9 | Benin | 35.6% | 2021 | down 33.9% | falling |
| 10 | Pakistan | 33.9% | 2018 | down 17.9% | falling |
| 11 | Togo | 31.3% | 2021 | down 24.2% | falling |
| 12 | Tunisia | 31.2% | 2021 | up 27.5% | rising |
| 13 | Philippines | 31.0% | 2023 | down 15.9% | falling |
| 14 | India | 30.9% | 2022 | down 27.7% | falling |
| 15 | Senegal | 30.9% | 2021 | down 30.8% | falling |
| 16 | Tajikistan | 30.8% | 2019 | up 28.7% | rising |
| 17 | Mongolia | 29.0% | 2023 | up 80.3% | rising |
| 18 | Côte d'Ivoire | 28.9% | 2021 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 18 | Côte d'Ivoire | 28.9% | 2021 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 20 | Peru | 28.5% | 2022 | up 17.5% | falling |
| 21 | Georgia | 27.9% | 2024 | down 12.1% | rising |
| 22 | Indonesia | 26.6% | 2023 | down 18.7% | falling |
| 23 | Nepal | 24.9% | 2022 | down 18.3% | falling |
| 24 | Ethiopia | 24.2% | 2021 | down 24.5% | falling |
| 25 | Viet Nam | 23.6% | 2020 | down 26.5% | falling |
| 25 | Viet Nam | 23.6% | 2020 | down 26.5% | falling |
| 27 | Armenia | 23.5% | 2020 | up 7.3% | rising |
| 28 | State of Palestine | 22.3% | 2023 | up 39.4% | rising |
| 29 | Cambodia | 22.1% | 2023 | up 13.4% | falling |
| 30 | Jamaica | 21.5% | 2021 | up 1.3% | falling |
| 31 | Paraguay | 21.1% | 2023 | up 3.1% | falling |
| 32 | Greece | 18.9% | 2023 | up 35.2% | flat |
| 33 | Bulgaria | 18.8% | 2023 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 34 | Latvia | 18.6% | 2019 | up 38.1% | rising |
| 35 | Hungary | 17.1% | 2007 | up 63.1% | rising |
| 36 | Israel | 16.6% | 2021 | down 11.9% | flat |
| 37 | Mexico | 15.9% | 2022 | up 33.5% | falling |
| 38 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 15.7% | 2022 | down 5.2% | falling |
| 39 | Romania | 15.6% | 2016 | up 29.4% | rising |
| 40 | Russian Federation | 15.4% | 2014 | down 29.3% | falling |
| 40 | Russian Federation | 15.4% | 2014 | down 29.3% | falling |
| 42 | Albania | 14.8% | 2017 | down 22.0% | falling |
| 43 | Ukraine | 14.6% | 2019 | up 0.8% | falling |
| 44 | Portugal | 14.6% | 2022 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 45 | Luxembourg | 14.1% | 2023 | down 9.4% | falling |
| 46 | Poland | 14.1% | 2019 | down 15.5% | falling |
| 47 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 13.4% | 2021 | down 32.8% | rising |
| 48 | Türkiye | 12.7% | 2016 | down 2.0% | rising |
| 48 | Türkiye | 12.7% | 2016 | down 2.0% | rising |
| 50 | Spain | 12.7% | 2023 | up 19.6% | rising |
| 51 | Belarus | 12.2% | 2020 | down 19.2% | falling |
| 52 | Montenegro | 12.1% | 2015 | down 11.4% | rising |
| 53 | Thailand | 11.9% | 2017 | down 32.2% | falling |
| 54 | Sri Lanka | 11.3% | 2019 | down 35.1% | falling |
| 55 | Serbia | 11.0% | 2022 | up 2.0% | flat |
| 56 | Japan | 10.9% | 2024 | up 13.5% | rising |
| 57 | Lithuania | 10.6% | 2021 | down 13.3% | falling |
| 58 | El Salvador | 10.5% | 2019 | up 146.1% | rising |
| 59 | Switzerland | 10.3% | 2017 | down 8.8% | flat |
| 60 | Czechia | 10.0% | 2023 | up 56.7% | rising |
| 61 | Slovakia | 10.0% | 2022 | up 18.2% | falling |
| 61 | North Macedonia | 10.0% | 2024 | down 11.0% | falling |
| 63 | Republic of Moldova | 9.8% | 2023 | down 44.3% | falling |
| 63 | Republic of Moldova | 9.8% | 2023 | down 44.3% | falling |
| 65 | Kazakhstan | 9.8% | 2018 | down 26.4% | falling |
| 66 | Kyrgyzstan | 9.6% | 2022 | up 37.3% | falling |
| 67 | Bhutan | 9.0% | 2022 | up 68.5% | falling |
| 68 | Estonia | 8.9% | 2011 | down 15.6% | falling |
| 69 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8.6% | 2022 | down 30.0% | falling |
| 70 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 7.5% | 2021 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 70 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 7.5% | 2021 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 72 | United States of America | 6.8% | 2023 | down 20.4% | falling |
| 73 | Slovenia | 6.0% | 2022 | up 27.1% | falling |
| 74 | Andorra | 5.6% | 2023 | — | falling |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Sub-Saharan Africa 35.3%
- Least Developed Countries (LDCs) 34.6%
- Central and Southern Asia 30.7%
- Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) 27.2%
- Eastern and South-Eastern Asia 26.9%
- World 26.0%
- Northern Africa and Western Asia 23.9%
- Latin America and the Caribbean 20.3%
- Small Island Developing States (SIDS) 19.7%
- Oceania 14.6%
- Europe 12.7%
- Europe and Northern America 10.9%
- Northern America 7.5%
- United States of America 6.8%