Population ages 15-64, male, per square kilometre by country
Population ages 15-64, male divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
What the numbers show
Population ages 15-64, male, per square kilometre is currently reported for 215 countries. The highest value is 6,672 units per square kilometre in Macao; the lowest is 0.0505 units per square kilometre in Greenland.
The median across all reporting countries is 30.91 units per square kilometre, and the mean is 145.67 units per square kilometre.
Over the past decade 162 countries rose and 53 fell. The largest increase was in Kuwait (up 53.9%), and the largest decrease in Saint Martin (French part) (down 29.9%).
Population ages 15-64, male, per square kilometre: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Macao | 6,672 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.6% | rising |
| 2 | Monaco | 4,669 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.8% | rising |
| 3 | Singapore | 3,267 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 4 | Hong Kong | 2,114 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.3% | rising |
| 5 | Gibraltar | 1,250 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.7% | rising |
| 6 | Bahrain | 995.14 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.6% | volatile |
| 7 | Maldives | 867.02 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 51.7% | volatile |
| 8 | Malta | 620.95 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.3% | rising |
| 9 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 422.65 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.4% | rising |
| 10 | Bangladesh | 414.92 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.4% | rising |
| 11 | Bermuda | 394.11 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.6% | rising |
| 12 | Palestine | 243.82 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.6% | rising |
| 13 | Mauritius | 229.21 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.0% | rising |
| 14 | Barbados | 211.53 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.4% | rising |
| 15 | South Korea | 192.3 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.5% | rising |
| 16 | Aruba | 188.12 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.2% | rising |
| 17 | San Marino | 184.65 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.9% | rising |
| 18 | Nauru | 179.45 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 19 | Netherlands | 172.72 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.4% | rising |
| 20 | Lebanon | 172.62 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 9.8% | rising |
| 21 | India | 170.43 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.4% | rising |
| 22 | Rwanda | 159.76 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 34.0% | rising |
| 23 | Saint Martin (French part) | 157.36 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.9% | falling |
| 24 | Qatar | 145.14 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.4% | volatile |
| 25 | Burundi | 137.39 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.4% | rising |
| 26 | Israel | 136.79 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.7% | rising |
| 27 | Kuwait | 136.39 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 53.9% | volatile |
| 28 | Comoros | 133.73 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.0% | rising |
| 29 | Haiti | 133.51 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.9% | rising |
| 30 | Philippines | 127.63 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 31 | Belgium | 123.55 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.2% | rising |
| 32 | Grenada | 119.44 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 33 | Curacao | 117.2 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.1% | rising |
| 34 | Cayman Islands | 115.74 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.2% | volatile |
| 35 | Sri Lanka | 114.45 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 36 | Puerto Rico | 110.29 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 13.9% | rising |
| 37 | Vietnam | 107.11 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 38 | Seychelles | 106.89 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.4% | rising |
| 39 | Saint Lucia | 106.82 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 40 | Tuvalu | 103.03 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 12.3% | rising |
| 41 | Japan | 101.87 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.4% | rising |
| 42 | Guam | 97.74 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.0% | rising |
| 43 | Pakistan | 96.02 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.7% | rising |
| 44 | El Salvador | 95.65 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 45 | Jamaica | 95.2 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.4% | rising |
| 46 | Trinidad and Tobago | 93.71 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 47 | British Virgin Islands | 92.03 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.5% | volatile |
| 48 | Luxembourg | 91.45 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.1% | rising |
| 49 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 89.45 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.6% | rising |
| 50 | United Kingdom | 89.32 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.0% | rising |
| 51 | United States Virgin Islands | 88.97 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 5.2% | rising |
| 52 | Liechtenstein | 81.37 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 53 | United Arab Emirates | 80.88 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.8% | volatile |
| 54 | American Samoa | 78.69 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.9% | rising |
| 55 | Dominican Republic | 76.9 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.8% | rising |
| 56 | Germany | 76.62 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 57 | North Korea | 76.08 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.6% | rising |
| 58 | Switzerland | 74.44 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 59 | Gambia | 74.35 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.3% | volatile |
| 60 | Antigua and Barbuda | 71.59 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 61 | Nigeria | 70.25 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.7% | rising |
| 62 | Sao Tome and Principe | 69.17 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.5% | rising |
| 63 | Marshall Islands | 67.24 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 20.1% | rising |
| 64 | Uganda | 64.49 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 51.3% | volatile |
| 65 | Andorra | 64.27 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 66 | Italy | 63.73 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.0% | rising |
| 67 | Nepal | 62.89 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.9% | rising |
| 68 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 61.14 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.5% | rising |
| 69 | Malawi | 60.59 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.7% | volatile |
| 70 | China | 53.57 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 71 | Guatemala | 52.69 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.6% | rising |
| 72 | Cyprus | 51.69 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.1% | rising |
| 73 | Indonesia | 51.11 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.6% | rising |
| 74 | Micronesia (country) | 49.5 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 75 | Thailand | 48.53 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 76 | Kiribati | 47.79 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.7% | rising |
| 77 | Denmark | 47.66 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.3% | rising |
| 78 | Isle of Man | 46.38 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.2% | rising |
| 79 | Czechia | 45.91 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.2% | flat |
| 80 | Cape Verde | 45.05 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.1% | rising |
| 81 | Ghana | 44.58 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.4% | volatile |
| 82 | Jordan | 43.29 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 49.1% | volatile |
| 83 | Azerbaijan | 41.7 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.8% | rising |
| 84 | Syria | 41.62 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.0% | volatile |
| 85 | Malaysia | 39.9 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.5% | volatile |
| 86 | Togo | 39.83 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 25.4% | rising |
| 87 | Poland | 39.33 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.0% | rising |
| 88 | France | 38.65 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.3% | rising |
| 89 | Turkey | 38.14 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 90 | Tonga | 38.05 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.1% | rising |
| 91 | Slovakia | 37.69 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.5% | rising |
| 92 | Austria | 36.55 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 93 | Egypt | 36.53 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.2% | rising |
| 94 | Cuba | 36.25 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.2% | rising |
| 95 | Northern Mariana Islands | 35.68 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 14.8% | falling |
| 96 | Portugal | 35.48 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.5% | rising |
| 97 | Slovenia | 34.99 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.5% | flat |
| 98 | Benin | 34.47 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.0% | volatile |
| 99 | Costa Rica | 34.26 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.6% | rising |
| 100 | Hungary | 34.21 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.1% | flat |
| 101 | Brunei | 34.11 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.2% | rising |
| 102 | Sierra Leone | 34.04 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.3% | rising |
| 103 | Armenia | 33.01 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.5% | falling |
| 104 | Ethiopia | 32.66 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.4% | rising |
| 105 | Spain | 32.19 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 106 | Dominica | 31.01 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.5% | rising |
| 107 | Honduras | 30.99 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.2% | volatile |
| 108 | Iraq | 30.91 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.8% | volatile |
| 109 | Cambodia | 30.89 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.2% | volatile |
| 110 | Albania | 28.98 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 16.3% | rising |
| 111 | French Polynesia | 28.49 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.6% | rising |
| 112 | East Timor | 28.43 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.6% | rising |
| 113 | Myanmar | 28.35 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.3% | rising |
| 114 | Morocco | 28.22 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.2% | rising |
| 115 | Kenya | 28.22 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.4% | volatile |
| 116 | Cote d'Ivoire | 28.18 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.0% | volatile |
| 117 | Senegal | 27.27 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.9% | rising |
| 118 | Romania | 26.9 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.2% | rising |
| 119 | Uzbekistan | 25.96 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.1% | rising |
| 120 | Tunisia | 25.7 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.8% | rising |
| 121 | Greece | 25.25 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 7.9% | rising |
| 122 | Ireland | 25.03 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.7% | rising |
| 123 | Serbia | 24.38 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 9.9% | falling |
| 124 | Ecuador | 24.23 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.7% | rising |
| 125 | North Macedonia | 23.49 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.2% | falling |
| 126 | Burkina Faso | 22.91 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.4% | rising |
| 127 | Lesotho | 22.69 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.5% | rising |
| 128 | Moldova | 22.63 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 23.5% | falling |
| 129 | Eswatini | 21.83 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 130 | Croatia | 21.81 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 13.5% | falling |
| 131 | Tajikistan | 21.75 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 28.5% | rising |
| 132 | Guinea-Bissau | 21.68 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 36.5% | rising |
| 133 | Samoa | 21.66 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 134 | Mexico | 21.53 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.9% | rising |
| 135 | Ukraine | 21.39 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 21.7% | falling |
| 136 | Yemen | 21.22 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.3% | volatile |
| 137 | Equatorial Guinea | 21.19 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.1% | volatile |
| 138 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 20.22 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.5% | falling |
| 139 | Tanzania | 20.13 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.8% | volatile |
| 140 | Panama | 19.81 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 141 | Iran | 19.69 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.7% | rising |
| 142 | Bulgaria | 19.16 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 14.0% | falling |
| 143 | Nicaragua | 18.22 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.2% | rising |
| 144 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 18.12 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.9% | volatile |
| 145 | Afghanistan | 17.39 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.8% | volatile |
| 146 | South Africa | 17.22 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.2% | rising |
| 147 | Fiji | 16.7 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.6% | rising |
| 148 | Cameroon | 16.54 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.0% | volatile |
| 149 | Colombia | 16.36 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.5% | rising |
| 150 | Georgia | 16.24 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 4.5% | falling |
| 151 | Djibouti | 16.17 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.1% | volatile |
| 152 | Liberia | 16.05 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.3% | rising |
| 153 | Guinea | 15.87 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 37.5% | rising |
| 154 | Madagascar | 15.32 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 35.5% | volatile |
| 155 | Palau | 15.11 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 156 | Lithuania | 15.01 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.9% | falling |
| 157 | Montenegro | 14.63 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 4.7% | flat |
| 158 | Belarus | 14.59 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.0% | falling |
| 159 | Bahamas | 13.43 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.9% | rising |
| 160 | Faroe Islands | 13.01 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.2% | rising |
| 161 | United States | 12.24 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 162 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 11.73 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.4% | volatile |
| 163 | Kyrgyzstan | 11.26 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.1% | rising |
| 164 | Laos | 10.83 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.7% | rising |
| 165 | Mozambique | 10.73 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.0% | rising |
| 166 | Zimbabwe | 10.71 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.7% | rising |
| 167 | Venezuela | 10.27 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.1% | rising |
| 168 | Estonia | 10.23 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.7% | falling |
| 169 | Latvia | 9.39 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 170 | Chile | 9.16 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.5% | rising |
| 171 | Peru | 8.77 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.1% | rising |
| 172 | Brazil | 8.68 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 173 | Solomon Islands | 8.59 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 41.8% | volatile |
| 174 | Sweden | 8.25 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.0% | rising |
| 175 | Bhutan | 8.08 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.1% | rising |
| 176 | Eritrea | 8.04 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.0% | rising |
| 177 | Oman | 7.82 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.1% | volatile |
| 178 | Zambia | 7.74 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 44.5% | volatile |
| 179 | Angola | 7.62 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.1% | volatile |
| 180 | Vanuatu | 7.49 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.8% | rising |
| 181 | Somalia | 7.4 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.4% | volatile |
| 182 | Papua New Guinea | 7.39 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.2% | volatile |
| 183 | Saudi Arabia | 7.34 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.4% | volatile |
| 184 | Sudan | 7.32 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.2% | rising |
| 185 | New Zealand | 6.39 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 186 | Uruguay | 6.34 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.3% | rising |
| 187 | Algeria | 6.26 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 12.5% | rising |
| 188 | Belize | 6.19 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.0% | volatile |
| 189 | Finland | 5.76 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.4% | rising |
| 190 | Paraguay | 5.64 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.5% | rising |
| 191 | Argentina | 5.51 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 192 | Niger | 5.31 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.7% | volatile |
| 193 | New Caledonia | 5.27 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 194 | Congo | 5.08 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 27.7% | volatile |
| 195 | South Sudan | 5.06 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.0% | flat |
| 196 | Mali | 5.04 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.8% | rising |
| 197 | Norway | 5.03 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 198 | Turkmenistan | 4.92 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.5% | rising |
| 199 | Chad | 3.92 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.2% | volatile |
| 200 | Bolivia | 3.65 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.9% | rising |
| 201 | Gabon | 2.94 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.8% | volatile |
| 202 | Russia | 2.8 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 6.3% | flat |
| 203 | Kazakhstan | 2.3 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.7% | rising |
| 204 | Central African Republic | 1.84 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.8% | rising |
| 205 | Canada | 1.5 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.3% | rising |
| 206 | Libya | 1.42 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 207 | Botswana | 1.39 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.1% | volatile |
| 208 | Suriname | 1.32 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.0% | rising |
| 209 | Iceland | 1.32 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.8% | rising |
| 210 | Mauritania | 1.26 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.9% | rising |
| 211 | Guyana | 1.22 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 1.2% | rising |
| 212 | Australia | 1.12 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.3% | rising |
| 213 | Namibia | 1.04 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 32.0% | volatile |
| 214 | Mongolia | 0.697 units per square kilometre | 2023 | up 11.7% | rising |
| 215 | Greenland | 0.0505 units per square kilometre | 2023 | down 3.6% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Chagai 278.78 units per square kilometre
- South Asia 172.5 units per square kilometre
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 172.5 units per square kilometre
- Euro area 40.13 units per square kilometre
- Lower middle income 49.53 units per square kilometre
- European Union 36.1 units per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 46.9 units per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 46.68 units per square kilometre
- IDA blend 39.4 units per square kilometre
- Early-demographic dividend 35.31 units per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific 33.95 units per square kilometre
- Middle income 31.47 units per square kilometre
- Central Europe and the Baltics 29.57 units per square kilometre
- Low & middle income 28.1 units per square kilometre
- IBRD only 24.13 units per square kilometre
- Upper middle income 23.79 units per square kilometre
- IDA & IBRD total 23.48 units per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 22.61 units per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 22.48 units per square kilometre
- IDA total 21.66 units per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 20.52 units per square kilometre
- World 20.48 units per square kilometre
- Late-demographic dividend 18.29 units per square kilometre
- IDA only 17.39 units per square kilometre
- Least developed countries 16.07 units per square kilometre
- Other small states 15.92 units per square kilometre
- Africa Western and Central 15.62 units per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa 14.59 units per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 14.59 units per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 14.59 units per square kilometre
- Pre-demographic dividend 14.45 units per square kilometre
- Africa Eastern and Southern 13.96 units per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 13.77 units per square kilometre
- Low income 13.57 units per square kilometre
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 12.92 units per square kilometre
- Pacific island small states 12.84 units per square kilometre
- OECD members 12.81 units per square kilometre
- Arab World 12.12 units per square kilometre
- Post-demographic dividend 11.66 units per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 10.98 units per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
Population ages 15-64, male divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Population ages 15-64, male ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Population ages 15-64, male World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Population Division
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Population ages 15-64, male divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.