People practicing open defecation in Low & middle income

Low & middle income: People practicing open defecation was 5.3% in 2024. ▼ Falling

Latest (2024)
5.3%
Change on year
down 12.0%
Rank
17th
of 45 groups
All-time high
26.7%
in 2000
All-time low
5.3%
in 2024
Years of data
25
2000–2024

People practicing open defecation in Low & middle income, 2000–2024

5101520252000201220242000: 26.7 % of population2001: 25.9 % of population2002: 24.9 % of population2003: 24 % of population2004: 23.1 % of population2005: 22.1 % of population2006: 21.1 % of population2007: 20.1 % of population2008: 19.2 % of population2009: 18.3 % of population2010: 17.3 % of population2011: 16.5 % of population2012: 15.6 % of population2013: 14.7 % of population2014: 13.8 % of population2015: 12.9 % of population2016: 12 % of population2017: 11.3 % of population2018: 10.4 % of population2019: 9.5 % of population2020: 8.6 % of population2021: 7.8 % of population2022: 6.9 % of population2023: 6 % of population2024: 5.3 % of population

Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene, World Health Organization (WHO). Measured in % of population.

Analysis

Low & middle income recorded 5.3% for people practicing open defecation in 2024. That is the lowest value across all 25 years on record.

The figure is down 12.0% on the previous year and down 61.6% over ten years.

Over the whole period, people practicing open defecation in Low & middle income peaked at 26.7% in 2000 and was at its lowest, 5.3%, in 2024.

That places Low & middle income 17th out of 45 groups with data for 2024, putting it in the middle of the range.

The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 25 years of available data.

People practicing open defecation in Low & middle income, year by year

Annual values for People practicing open defecation (% of population) in Low & middle income, 2000 to 2024.
Year % of population Change
2000 26.7%
2001 25.9% -3.1%
2002 24.9% -3.9%
2003 24.0% -3.6%
2004 23.1% -3.8%
2005 22.1% -4.0%
2006 21.1% -4.9%
2007 20.1% -4.4%
2008 19.2% -4.7%
2009 18.3% -4.8%
2010 17.3% -5.0%
2011 16.5% -4.7%
2012 15.6% -5.6%
2013 14.7% -5.9%
2014 13.8% -6.2%
2015 12.9% -6.0%
2016 12.0% -7.0%
2017 11.3% -5.8%
2018 10.4% -8.0%
2019 9.5% -8.6%
2020 8.6% -9.4%
2021 7.8% -10.1%
2022 6.9% -10.7%
2023 6.0% -13.4%
2024 5.3% -12.0%

Averages by decade

DecadeAverage LowestHighest Years
2000s 22.5% 18.3% 26.7% 10
2010s 13.4% 9.5% 17.3% 10
2020s 6.9% 5.3% 8.6% 5

Countries ranked near Low & middle income

  1. 14 Angola 25.7% compare
  2. 15 Central African Republic 24.7% compare
  3. 16 Nigeria 18.0% compare
  4. 17 Ghana 17.8% compare
  5. 18 Haiti 17.5% compare
  6. 19 Cote d'Ivoire 16.7% compare
  7. 20 Sudan 16.4% compare

See the full ranking of 261 places →

More health data for Low & middle income

All data for Low & middle income →

Frequently asked questions

What is people practicing open defecation in Low & middle income?
People practicing open defecation in Low & middle income was 5.3% in 2024, according to WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene, World Health Organization (WHO).
What is the highest people practicing open defecation recorded in Low & middle income?
The highest recorded value was 26.7% in 2000.
What is the lowest people practicing open defecation recorded in Low & middle income?
The lowest recorded value was 5.3% in 2024.
How does Low & middle income rank for people practicing open defecation?
Low & middle income ranks 17th out of 45 groups with data for 2024.
Is people practicing open defecation rising or falling in Low & middle income?
Over the last ten years it is down 61.6%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
Where does this Low & middle income data come from?
The figures come from WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene, World Health Organization (WHO), published as part of People practicing open defecation (% of population). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.

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People practicing open defecation in Low & middle income. Statizoid, drawing on WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene, World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved 02 September 2026, from https://health.statizoid.com/stat/people-practicing-open-defecation-percent-of-population/low-and-middle-income/

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About this data

Indicator
People practicing open defecation (% of population)
Unit
% of population
Source
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene, World Health Organization (WHO)
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data)
Coverage
261 places, 6,240 data points, 2000–2024
Last refreshed

People practicing open defecation refers to the percentage of the population defecating in the open, such as in fields, forest, bushes, open bodies of water, on beaches, in other open spaces or disposed of with solid waste.