Mortality rates at age 65 by country
The death rate, calculated as the number of deaths divided by the average number of people alive during the interval.
What the numbers show
Mortality rates at age 65 is currently reported for 229 countries. The highest value is 5.18 deaths per 1,000 people in Lesotho; the lowest is 0.5224 deaths per 1,000 people in Kuwait.
The median across all reporting countries is 2.48 deaths per 1,000 people, and the mean is 2.39 deaths per 1,000 people.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 10.
Over the past decade 28 countries rose and 201 fell. The largest increase was in Montenegro (up 20.7%), and the largest decrease in Kuwait (down 50.7%).
Mortality rates at age 65: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lesotho | 5.18 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 22.9% | rising |
| 2 | Nauru | 4.98 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 7.6% | rising |
| 3 | Fiji | 4.67 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 7.1% | falling |
| 4 | Central African Republic | 4.4 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 17.9% | rising |
| 5 | Micronesia (country) | 4.26 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 6 | Tuvalu | 4.23 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 7 | Zimbabwe | 4.17 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.8% | rising |
| 8 | Eswatini | 4.12 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 31.4% | rising |
| 9 | Kenya | 4.05 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.0% | rising |
| 10 | Cote d'Ivoire | 3.97 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.9% | falling |
| 11 | Papua New Guinea | 3.93 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.4% | falling |
| 12 | Moldova | 3.92 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 1.7% | falling |
| 13 | Mozambique | 3.89 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 15.5% | flat |
| 14 | Marshall Islands | 3.86 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 15 | Chad | 3.86 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.2% | falling |
| 16 | South Africa | 3.79 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.8% | falling |
| 17 | Liberia | 3.75 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 0.4% | falling |
| 18 | Sao Tome and Principe | 3.7 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 18.2% | flat |
| 19 | Nigeria | 3.66 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.6% | falling |
| 20 | Haiti | 3.63 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 2.9% | falling |
| 21 | South Sudan | 3.63 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 12.1% | falling |
| 22 | Guyana | 3.59 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.2% | falling |
| 23 | Namibia | 3.59 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 28.1% | rising |
| 24 | Comoros | 3.56 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.7% | falling |
| 25 | Sierra Leone | 3.55 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 15.9% | flat |
| 26 | Malawi | 3.53 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 17.3% | flat |
| 27 | Tanzania | 3.53 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 7.8% | falling |
| 28 | Belarus | 3.52 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 12.1% | rising |
| 29 | Burkina Faso | 3.49 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.8% | falling |
| 30 | Angola | 3.49 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.7% | falling |
| 31 | Kyrgyzstan | 3.47 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 13.1% | falling |
| 32 | Congo | 3.46 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.7% | falling |
| 33 | Myanmar | 3.45 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.9% | falling |
| 34 | Palau | 3.45 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 7.8% | falling |
| 35 | Egypt | 3.43 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.3% | falling |
| 36 | Uganda | 3.42 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 13.8% | falling |
| 37 | Guinea-Bissau | 3.37 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 11.5% | falling |
| 38 | Cameroon | 3.36 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 11.5% | falling |
| 39 | Mali | 3.36 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.6% | falling |
| 40 | Niue | 3.36 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.1% | falling |
| 41 | Equatorial Guinea | 3.36 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.4% | falling |
| 42 | Philippines | 3.34 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.9% | falling |
| 43 | Mauritania | 3.31 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 44 | Rwanda | 3.26 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.4% | volatile |
| 45 | Afghanistan | 3.25 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.4% | falling |
| 46 | Turkmenistan | 3.25 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.3% | falling |
| 47 | Mongolia | 3.24 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 18.3% | falling |
| 48 | Russia | 3.24 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 11.9% | rising |
| 49 | Kiribati | 3.24 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 1.2% | falling |
| 50 | Lithuania | 3.22 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 51 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 3.21 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 2.5% | falling |
| 52 | Togo | 3.2 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 14.3% | falling |
| 53 | Gabon | 3.2 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 54 | Ukraine | 3.19 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 15.4% | rising |
| 55 | Uzbekistan | 3.18 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 56 | Somalia | 3.18 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.6% | falling |
| 57 | Georgia | 3.15 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 3.7% | falling |
| 58 | Benin | 3.12 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 0.6% | falling |
| 59 | East Timor | 3.09 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 7.9% | falling |
| 60 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 3.09 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 7.9% | falling |
| 61 | Burundi | 3.09 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.3% | falling |
| 62 | Botswana | 3.06 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 27.3% | rising |
| 63 | Laos | 3.06 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.6% | falling |
| 64 | Pakistan | 3.06 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.5% | falling |
| 65 | Indonesia | 3.05 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.1% | falling |
| 66 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 3.05 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.1% | falling |
| 67 | Tonga | 3.05 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 7.4% | falling |
| 68 | Dominica | 3.04 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 0.1% | falling |
| 69 | Saint Lucia | 3.04 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 5.8% | falling |
| 70 | Zambia | 3.03 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 24.9% | rising |
| 71 | Vanuatu | 3.01 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.4% | falling |
| 72 | Belize | 2.99 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.4% | falling |
| 73 | Jamaica | 2.99 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 9.3% | falling |
| 74 | Hungary | 2.95 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 2.5% | flat |
| 75 | Guinea | 2.95 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.7% | falling |
| 76 | Ghana | 2.95 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.0% | falling |
| 77 | Niger | 2.94 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.6% | falling |
| 78 | Samoa | 2.94 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.7% | falling |
| 79 | Yemen | 2.93 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.8% | falling |
| 80 | Solomon Islands | 2.93 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.7% | falling |
| 81 | Bulgaria | 2.92 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 82 | Nepal | 2.88 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.3% | falling |
| 83 | Seychelles | 2.88 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.8% | falling |
| 84 | Latvia | 2.87 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 17.2% | rising |
| 85 | Madagascar | 2.87 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 1.2% | falling |
| 86 | Kazakhstan | 2.86 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 22.8% | falling |
| 87 | United States Virgin Islands | 2.86 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.4% | falling |
| 88 | American Samoa | 2.86 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.4% | falling |
| 89 | Bolivia | 2.85 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.6% | falling |
| 90 | Honduras | 2.83 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.4% | falling |
| 91 | Tajikistan | 2.83 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.8% | falling |
| 92 | Romania | 2.81 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 3.5% | flat |
| 93 | Djibouti | 2.8 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.5% | falling |
| 94 | Gambia | 2.77 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.0% | falling |
| 95 | Armenia | 2.77 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 11.3% | falling |
| 96 | Ethiopia | 2.76 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 11.4% | falling |
| 97 | Senegal | 2.76 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.4% | falling |
| 98 | Sudan | 2.75 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 7.2% | falling |
| 99 | India | 2.71 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.7% | falling |
| 100 | Palestine | 2.7 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 15.1% | falling |
| 101 | Western Sahara | 2.69 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.1% | falling |
| 102 | Libya | 2.63 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.1% | falling |
| 103 | Suriname | 2.63 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 20.0% | falling |
| 104 | Iraq | 2.63 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 16.1% | falling |
| 105 | El Salvador | 2.59 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 14.4% | falling |
| 106 | Mauritius | 2.59 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 1.5% | falling |
| 107 | Greenland | 2.59 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 0.8% | falling |
| 108 | Syria | 2.58 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 22.0% | falling |
| 109 | Estonia | 2.57 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.8% | falling |
| 110 | Azerbaijan | 2.55 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 18.2% | falling |
| 111 | Eritrea | 2.54 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 11.0% | falling |
| 112 | Montenegro | 2.54 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 20.7% | falling |
| 113 | Paraguay | 2.51 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 4.8% | falling |
| 114 | Cook Islands | 2.5 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 13.3% | falling |
| 115 | Cambodia | 2.48 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.4% | volatile |
| 116 | Bhutan | 2.47 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 11.8% | falling |
| 117 | Serbia | 2.46 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.9% | falling |
| 118 | Curacao | 2.43 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 1.2% | falling |
| 119 | Venezuela | 2.39 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 6.2% | falling |
| 120 | Poland | 2.39 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.2% | falling |
| 121 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 2.37 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.6% | falling |
| 122 | North Macedonia | 2.36 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 1.3% | falling |
| 123 | Grenada | 2.35 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 8.6% | falling |
| 124 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2.28 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.0% | falling |
| 125 | Vietnam | 2.27 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.2% | falling |
| 126 | Brunei | 2.27 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.6% | falling |
| 127 | Sri Lanka | 2.25 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.5% | falling |
| 128 | Bahamas | 2.24 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 0.5% | falling |
| 129 | Montserrat | 2.18 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.2% | falling |
| 130 | Morocco | 2.17 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 16.5% | falling |
| 131 | Trinidad and Tobago | 2.15 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.8% | falling |
| 132 | Antigua and Barbuda | 2.15 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 8.7% | falling |
| 133 | Cuba | 2.14 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 13.4% | falling |
| 134 | Dominican Republic | 2.13 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 135 | Slovakia | 2.12 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 17.4% | falling |
| 136 | Malaysia | 2.11 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.3% | falling |
| 138 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 2.1 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.9% | falling |
| 139 | Uruguay | 2.08 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 11.0% | falling |
| 140 | Saint Helena | 2.07 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.5% | falling |
| 141 | Tunisia | 2.07 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.6% | falling |
| 142 | Argentina | 2.05 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.5% | falling |
| 143 | Croatia | 2.01 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 12.2% | falling |
| 144 | Guam | 2 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 4.6% | falling |
| 145 | British Virgin Islands | 1.98 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.7% | falling |
| 146 | Mexico | 1.98 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 7.0% | falling |
| 147 | Turkey | 1.98 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 18.1% | falling |
| 148 | Guatemala | 1.97 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.3% | falling |
| 149 | Tokelau | 1.96 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 14.3% | falling |
| 150 | China | 1.95 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.3% | volatile |
| 151 | North Korea | 1.92 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 26.4% | volatile |
| 152 | Nicaragua | 1.91 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 20.8% | falling |
| 153 | Aruba | 1.91 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 12.8% | falling |
| 154 | Brazil | 1.9 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 11.5% | falling |
| 155 | Barbados | 1.89 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 3.6% | falling |
| 156 | Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba | 1.85 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 13.7% | falling |
| 157 | Bangladesh | 1.84 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 33.9% | falling |
| 158 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 1.81 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.8% | falling |
| 159 | Czechia | 1.8 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 19.5% | falling |
| 160 | Anguilla | 1.77 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 17.3% | falling |
| 161 | Wallis and Futuna | 1.76 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 15.7% | falling |
| 162 | Jordan | 1.73 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 26.0% | falling |
| 163 | Algeria | 1.68 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.0% | falling |
| 164 | Thailand | 1.67 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.7% | falling |
| 165 | Cape Verde | 1.65 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 16.2% | falling |
| 166 | Puerto Rico | 1.65 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 6.5% | falling |
| 167 | Lebanon | 1.63 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.4% | falling |
| 168 | French Guiana | 1.59 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 10.7% | falling |
| 169 | Saint Martin (French part) | 1.59 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.1% | falling |
| 170 | Northern Mariana Islands | 1.58 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 12.6% | falling |
| 171 | United States | 1.56 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 0.3% | falling |
| 172 | Falkland Islands | 1.53 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.7% | falling |
| 173 | Ecuador | 1.51 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.3% | falling |
| 174 | Germany | 1.51 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 1.1% | falling |
| 175 | Greece | 1.49 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 1.5% | falling |
| 176 | Peru | 1.45 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 27.7% | falling |
| 177 | Jersey | 1.44 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 7.5% | falling |
| 178 | Slovenia | 1.39 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 13.8% | falling |
| 179 | Colombia | 1.39 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.6% | falling |
| 181 | Faroe Islands | 1.36 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 14.3% | falling |
| 182 | Saudi Arabia | 1.35 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 27.0% | falling |
| 183 | Chile | 1.34 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.8% | falling |
| 184 | Austria | 1.34 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 14.8% | falling |
| 185 | Portugal | 1.34 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 7.0% | falling |
| 186 | Denmark | 1.33 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 187 | Cayman Islands | 1.32 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 28.2% | falling |
| 188 | Bermuda | 1.3 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 27.7% | falling |
| 189 | Taiwan | 1.3 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 16.3% | volatile |
| 190 | Singapore | 1.3 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 9.3% | volatile |
| 191 | Albania | 1.3 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 12.3% | falling |
| 192 | Belgium | 1.29 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 15.9% | falling |
| 193 | Finland | 1.29 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 19.6% | falling |
| 194 | New Caledonia | 1.28 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 22.0% | falling |
| 195 | France | 1.28 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.0% | falling |
| 197 | Panama | 1.26 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 25.3% | falling |
| 198 | Costa Rica | 1.24 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 1.4% | falling |
| 199 | Cyprus | 1.22 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.2% | falling |
| 200 | United Kingdom | 1.21 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.0% | falling |
| 201 | Reunion | 1.2 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 15.1% | falling |
| 202 | Oman | 1.2 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 12.7% | falling |
| 203 | Spain | 1.19 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.5% | falling |
| 204 | Iran | 1.18 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 16.0% | falling |
| 205 | Canada | 1.14 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.5% | falling |
| 206 | Isle of Man | 1.12 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.8% | falling |
| 207 | Maldives | 1.11 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 30.0% | falling |
| 208 | Israel | 1.09 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 4.4% | falling |
| 209 | Netherlands | 1.06 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 14.6% | falling |
| 210 | South Korea | 1.06 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 35.5% | volatile |
| 212 | New Zealand | 1.01 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 9.9% | falling |
| 213 | Australia | 1.01 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 3.1% | falling |
| 214 | Vatican | 1.01 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.4% | falling |
| 216 | Sweden | 0.9912 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 8.1% | falling |
| 217 | Guernsey | 0.9822 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 2.4% | falling |
| 218 | Japan | 0.9657 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 18.6% | falling |
| 219 | Switzerland | 0.9572 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 11.9% | falling |
| 220 | Italy | 0.9413 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 14.7% | falling |
| 221 | Saint Barthelemy | 0.9295 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 32.9% | falling |
| 222 | Bahrain | 0.9215 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 28.8% | falling |
| 223 | Gibraltar | 0.9201 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 10.2% | falling |
| 224 | Iceland | 0.9166 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 11.9% | falling |
| 225 | Norway | 0.9102 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 19.5% | falling |
| 226 | French Polynesia | 0.8938 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 24.0% | falling |
| 229 | Hong Kong | 0.8785 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 18.5% | volatile |
| 230 | Macao | 0.8704 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 5.6% | falling |
| 231 | Andorra | 0.8588 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 3.3% | falling |
| 232 | United Arab Emirates | 0.6889 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | up 5.7% | volatile |
| 233 | Qatar | 0.6729 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 21.2% | falling |
| 234 | Monaco | 0.6327 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 22.6% | falling |
| 235 | San Marino | 0.6146 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 26.4% | falling |
| 236 | Kuwait | 0.5224 deaths per 1,000 people | 2023 | down 50.7% | falling |
About this data
The death rate, calculated as the number of deaths divided by the average number of people alive during the interval.